Global Combat Air Program

Japan, the UK, and Italy are collaborating on a next-generation fighter jet under the Global Combat Air Program, with a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries factory in Japan designated as the Japanese center for development and assembly. The UK will establish its center in Warton, and Italy in Turin, as the three nations discuss roles in the project.

France and Germany have ended their joint Future Combat Air System (FCAS) program due to disagreements over work division, patent rights, and differing requirements. The UK-Italy-Japan Tempest project is now the main contender for next-gen fighter development, though it faces delays from UK defense spending uncertainty.