Made in China 2025

China has become the near-sole supplier of heavy rare earths critical for EVs, military technology, and renewable energy, and has restricted exports to Western defense companies. Beijing aims to retain the full production chain within China to maximize economic and employment benefits, while Western policymakers are urged to recognize this long-term strategic move. Price disparities for rare earth elements like dysprosium and terbium highlight China's control and resource hoarding.