BLUF: The US Must Lead in Gray Zone Activity

The article emphasizes the need for the US to counter gray zone activities—coercive and subversive actions below armed conflict—by developing offensive and defensive strategies. It highlights the importance of a whole-of-government approach, expertise in adversary behavior, and deniability to avoid escalation. The White House has taken a step forward by appointing a National Security Council Director for Cognitive Advantage, but further integration of tools like cyber operations, economic pressures, and information campaigns is required.