It Takes More Than Two to Tango: Creating Effective Export Controls on Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment

Export controls on semiconductor manufacturing equipment are critical to limiting China's advanced chip production capabilities, but U.S. policy gaps and inconsistent implementation have allowed China to exploit loopholes. The U.S. is promoting plurilateral cooperation through the STRIDE Act to harmonize export controls with allies, countering China's ambitions to dominate foundational chip markets and threaten global technological and military security.