WORLDSCMP CHINA
Did volcanic eruptions ruin China’s Ming dynasty and undermine the Qing?
The Ming dynasty fell in 1644 when Li Zicheng's rebel army invaded Beijing, leading to Emperor Chongzhen's suicide. The dynasty's decline was attributed to internal issues like eunuch dictatorship, factionalism, and peasant uprisings, as well as external threats from the Manchus.
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