Practice Makes Deterrence: India’s Next Nuclear Challenge at Sea

India's third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, INS Aridhaman, entered service on April 3, 2026, enabling India to maintain continuous deterrent patrols at sea. With this third submarine and demonstrated multiple independently targetable warhead capabilities, India has completed the sea leg of its nuclear deterrent and enhanced its ability to deliver unacceptable damage in response to a nuclear strike.